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《协会保险条款诠释》
-第一编 新保险条款简介

上传: 郭国汀 | 发布: 2011-4-3 02:05 | 作者: 郭国汀 | 来源: | 查看: 0

第三编第四章 协会船舶定期保险限制条件条款

第四章 协会船舶定期保险限制条件条款

(Institute Time Clauses, Hulls-Restricted Condidtions)

 

并非所有的船东均要求按全部条件(full conditions)保险;通过选择限制性条件,以便节省保险费,可能是决定性因素;对于老龄船舶,如果保险人不愿意提供全部条件保险,船东可能别无选择。

 

目前有三套颁发于1995111日的协会船舶定期保险条款,均对船舶提供限制条件保险,他们是:

 

(1)协会船舶限制危险定期保险条款(Institute Time Clauses Hulls-Restricted Perils)

(2)协会船舶全损、共同海损和3/4碰撞责任(包括救助、救助费用和施救费用)定期保险条款(Institute Time Clauses, Hulls-Total Loss,General Average and 3/4 th Collision Liability (including Salvage, Salvage Charges and Sue and Labour).

(3)协会船舶全损(包括救助、救助费用和施救助费用)定期保险条款措辞完全相同,因此,为避免重复,我们仅对那些不同的条款进行评论。

 

1 1995111日协会船舶限制危险定期保险条款(Institute Time Clauses, Hulls-Restricted Perils 1/11/95)

 

本保险条款与1995111协会船舶定期保险条款比较,惟一的区别是第6条的危险条款。该条规定:

6 PERILS

  6.1 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by

  6.1.1 perils of the seas rivers lakes or other navigable waters

  6.1.2 fire, explosion

  6.1.3 violent theft by persons from outside the Vessel

  6.1.4 jettison

  6.1.5 piracy

  6.1.6 contact with land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or installation

  6.1.7 earthquake volcanic eruption or lightning

  6.1.8 accidents in loading discharging or shifting cargo or fuel.

  6.2 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by

  6.2.1 any latent defect in the machinery or hull

  6.2.2 negligence of Pilots provided such Pilots are not a Master, Officer or Member of the Crew of the Vessel

  6.2.3 negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured hereunder

  6.2.4 contact with aircraft, helicopters or similar objects, or objects falling therefrom

provided that such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners, Managers or Superintendents or any of their onshore management.

  6.3 Masters Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 6 should they hold shares in the Vessel.

 

6 危险

  6.1 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的灭失或损害

  6.1.1 海上、江河、湖泊或其他可航水域的危险

  6.1.2 火灾、爆炸

  6.1.3 来自保险船舶外的人员的暴力盗窃

  6.1.4 抛弃

  6.1.5 海盗

  6.1.6 与陆上运输工具、码头或港口设备、设施接触

  6.1.7 地震、火山爆发或闪电

  6.1.8 装卸或搬移货物或燃料过程中的意外事故

  6.2 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的灭失或损害

  6.2.1 机器或船壳的任何潜在缺陷

  6.2.2 引航员的过失,如果此种引航员不是该保险船舶的船长、高级船员或船员

  6.2.3 修船人或承租人的过失,如果此种修船人或承租人不是本保险的被保险人

  6.2.4 与航空器、直升飞机或类似物体或从其上坠落的物体触碰

如果此种灭失或损害并非由于被保险人、船东、管理人或船技主管或其岸上管理人员未谨慎处理所致。

  6.3 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员拥有保险船舶股份的,也不视作本第6条意义上的船东。

 

被删除的危险包括:

原第6.2.1项中的“锅炉破裂”和“尾轴断裂”

原第6.2.2项中的“船长、高级船员和船员的过失”。

及原第6.2.4项中的“船长、高级船员和船员的欺诈恶行”。

 

从第6.2.1项中删除“锅炉破裂”和“尾轴断裂”并不产生排除因这些事件引起的全部索赔的后果。因为,由于某种潜在缺陷锅炉可能破裂或尾轴断裂,而这仍属于承保范围。参见第108至第112页关于“潜在缺陷”的评论。

 

应当注意,虽然第5.1款的措辞未作变动(即:“保险船舶的船级社变更、或其船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回或期满,或船级社的定期检验过期,除非船级社同意延期进行此种检验,但如果船舶在海上,此种自动终止应延迟到船舶抵达下一港口时。然而,如果此种船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回、或定期检验过期,是由本保险第6条承保的灭失或损害造成的,或者是由根据现行协会船舶战争险和罢工险定期保险条款承保的灭失或损害引起的,此种自动终止,仅于船舶未经船级社事先同意在下一港口开航时,或在定期检验过期的情况下,船级社未同意延期进行此种检验时,才生效”。),删除第6条规定承保的上述危险,考虑到船级已经变更,由于承保危险已遭受灭失或损害,将会产生减少如同第5.1款规定的保险自动终止推迟的情况。参见第98页对此主题的讨论。

对船长、高级船员、船员的“过失”和“欺诈恶行”的评论见第112113页。

 

2 协会船舶全损、共同海损、3/4碰撞责任(包括救助、救助费用和施救费用)定期保险条款(Institute Time Clauses, Hulls-Total Loss, General Average, 3/4 Collision Liability(including Salvage, Salvage Charge and Sue Labour)1/11/95

 

与上述回顾的限制危险格式不同,这种格式及随后的另一种格式(协会船舶全损(包括救助、救助费用和施救费用)定期保险条款)并非通过限制承保危险的清单,而是经由删除某类索赔――在某种情况下单独海损索赔,来减小该保险单同意给予的承保范围。

 

下列在List A中的条款是那些在本格式中(除了数字之外)与1995111协会船舶定期保险条款完全相同的条款(相应的数字列在List B.

条款名称

List A

List B

航行条款

1

1

延续条款

2

2

违反保证条款

3

3

船级条款

4

4

3/4碰撞责任条款

8

8

姐妹船条款

9

9

被保险人义务(施救费用)

11

11

代理佣金条款

15

17

推定全损条款

16

19

运费弃权条款

17

20

转让条款

18

21

营运费用保证条款

19

22

停泊和解约时的退费条款

20

23

战争、罢工、恶意行为和放射性污染除外条款

21/24

24/27

 

下述是不同的条款

 

第1条        终止条款Termination

 

5 TERMINATION

This Clause 5 shall prevail notwithstanding any provision whether written typed or printed in this insurance inconsistent therewith.

Unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, this insurance shall terminate automatically at the time of

5.1 change of the Classification Society of the Vessel, or change, suspension, discontinuance, withdrawal or expiry of her Class therein, or any of the Classification Society’s periodic surveys becoming overdue unless an extension of time for such survey be agreed by the Classification Society, provided that if the Vessel is at sea such automatic termination shall be deferred until arrival at her next port. However where such change, suspension, discontinuance or withdrawal of her Class or where a However where such change, suspension, discontinuance or withdrawal of her Class 6 of this insurance or which would be covered by an insurance of the Vessel subject to current Institute Time Clauses-Hulls or Institute War and Strikes Clauses Hulls-Time such automatic termination shall only operate should the Vessel sail from her next port without the prior approval of the Classification Society or in the case of a periodic survey becoming overdue without the Classification Society having agreed an extension of time for such survey,

5.2 any change, voluntary or otherwise, in the ownership or flag, transfer to new management, or charter on a bareboat basis, or requisition for title or use of the Vessel, provided that, if the Vessel has cargo on board and has already sailed from her loading port or is at sea in ballast, such automatic has cargo on board and has already sailed from her loading port or is at sea in ballast, such automatic termination shall if required be deferred, whilst the Vessel continues her planned voyage, until arrival at final port of discharge if with cargo or at port of destination if in ballast. However, in the event of requisition for title or use without the prior execution of a written agreement by the Assured, such automatic termination shall occur fifteen days after such requisition whether the Vessel is at sea or in port.

A pro rata daily net return of premium shall be made provided shall be made provided that a total loss of the Vessel, whether by insured perils or otherwise, has not occurred during the period covered by this insurance or any extension thereof.

 

5 终止

本保险的任何条款,不论是手写、打印还是印刷的,凡与本条不一致者,均以本条为准。

 

除非保险人书面另行同意,本保险在下列情况发生时自动终止:

 

5.1 保险船舶的船级社变更,或其船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回或期满,或船级社的定期检验过期,除非船级社同意延期进行此种检验,但如果船舶在海上,此种自动终止应延迟到船舶抵达下一港口时。然而,如果此种船级变更、暂停、终止、撤回或定期检验过期是由本保险第6条承保的灭失或损害造成的,或者是由根据现行协会船舶战争险和罢工险定期保险条款承保的灭失或损害引起的,此种自动终止,仅于船舶未经船级社事先同意在下一港口开航时,或在定期检验过期的情况下,船级社未同意延期进行此种检验时,才生效。

 

5.2 自愿或以其他方式变更船舶所有权或船旗,转给新的管理人、光船出租或被征购、征用,但如果船上载有货物且已从装货港开航或在海上空载航行,经要求,此种自动终止应延迟直至船舶继续其计划航程,载货船舶到达最后卸货港为止,空载船舶到达目的港为止。不过,如果征购、征用未事先与被保险人签订书面协议,那么无论船舶是在海上还是在港内,此种自动终止将在船舶被征用后15天开始生效。

 

净保险费按日比例退回,但以在本保险承保期间或其延展期间保险船舶未发生全损为条件,不论全损是否由承保危险造成。

 

不同之处在于第5.1款第二句,其规定了保险人拟推迟保险的自动终止直至船舶变更船级,或“变更、暂停、终止、撤回或期满”后,已自其“下一港口”开航的各种情形,在1995111协会船舶定期保险条款中,那些情况是当船级变更、暂停等或定期检验过期是由于“本保险…引起”或战争险罢工险造成的灭失或损害。在这种限制保险格式中仅承保全损及(有限范围内)共同海损,这些措辞不起作用(these words would not do );因此,在这种格式的第5.1款中,该各种情况被表述为“当船级变更、暂停等,或定期检验过期是由本保险第6条承保的灭失或损害造成的……根据现行协会战争险和罢工险定期保险条款承保的灭失或损害引起的。”

 

第2条        危险条款(Perils)

 

6 PERILS

  6.1 This insurance covers total loss (actual or constructive ) of the subject-matter insured caused by

  6.1.1 perils of the seas rivers lakes or other navigable waters

  6.1.2 fire, explosion

  6.1.3 violent theft by persons from outside the Vessel

  6.1.4 jettison

  6.1.5 piracy

  6.1.6 contact with land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or installation

  6.1.7 earthquake volcanic eruption or lightning

  6.1.8 accidents in loading discharging or shifting cargo or fuel.

  6.2 This insurance covers total loss (actual or constructive )of the subject-matter insured caused by

  6.2.1 bursting of boilers breakage of shafts or any latent defect in the machinery or hull

  6.2.2 negligence of Master Officers Crew or Pilots

  6.2.3 negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured, Owners, Managers or Superintendents or any of their onshore management.

  6.2.4 barratry of Master Officers or Crew

  6.2.5 contact with aircraft, helicopters or similar objects, or objects falling therefrom

provided that such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners, Managers or Superintendents or any of their onshore management.

  6.3 Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 6 should they hold shares in the Vessel.

 

6 危险

  6.1 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的(实际或推定)全损

  6.1.1 海上、江河、湖泊或其他可航水域的危险

  6.1.2 火灾、爆炸

  6.1.3 来自保险船舶外的人员的暴力盗窃

  6.1.4 抛弃

  6.1.5 海盗

  6.1.6 与陆上运输工具、码头或港口设备、设施接触

  6.1.7 地震、火山爆炸或闪电

  6.1.8 装卸或搬移货物或燃料过程中的意外事故

  6.2 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的(实际或推定)全损

  6.2.1 锅炉破裂、尾轴断裂、或者机器、船壳的潜在缺陷

  6.2.2 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员的过失

  6.2.3 修船人或承租人的过失,如果此种修船人或承租人不是本保险的被保险人

  6.2.4 船长、高级船员或船员的欺诈恶行

  6.2.5 与航空器、直升飞机或类似物体,或从其上坠落的物体触碰

如果此种灭失或损害并非由于被保险人、船东、管理人或船技主管或其岸上管理人员未谨慎处理所致。

  6.3 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员拥有保险船舶股份的,不视作本条意义上的船东。

 

本条承保的各项危险与19