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《协会保险条款诠释》
-第一编 新保险条款简介

上传: 郭国汀 | 发布: 2011-4-3 02:07 | 作者: 郭国汀 | 来源: | 查看: 0

第三编第五章 协会船舶航次保险条款

第五章 协会船舶航次保险条款

(Institute Voyage Clause, Hulls)

 

早期船舶保险几乎所有的保险单均投保往返航次(round voyage),反之如今绝大多数船舶保险均投保定期保险。对于少数要求投保船舶航次保险的情况,有两套主要条款可供使用:

 

协会船舶航次保险条款(Institute Voyage Clauses, Hulls)

 

协会船舶全损、共同海损及3/4碰撞责任(包括救助,救助费用及施救费用)航次保险条款(Institute Voyage Clauses, Hulls-Total Loss, General Average and 3/4ths Collision Liability (including Salvage, Salvage Charges and Sue and Labour))

 

我们首先全文援引原条款如下,随后进行评论,为避免重复,仅提及航次保险条款与定期保险条款异同之处。

 

1 1995111日协会船舶航次保险条款(Institute Voyage Clauses, Hulls 1/11/95

 

This insurance is subject to English law and practice

本保险受英国法律和习惯制约

 

第1条   航海条款(Navigation

 

1 NAVIGATION

 1.1 The Vessel is covered subject to the provisions of this insurance at all times and has leave to sail or navigate with or without pilots, to go on trial trips and to assist and tow vessels or craft in distress, but it is warranted that the Vessel shall not be towed, except as is customary or to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the Assured and /or Owners and/or Managers and/or Charterers. This clause 1.1 shall not exclude customary towage in connection with loading and discharging.

 

1 航海

1.1 保险船舶在所有时间根据本保险的各项规定承保,并许可在有或没有引航员的情况下开航或航行,试航及协助、拖带遇险船舶或驳船,但保证保险船舶不得被拖带,除非是习惯性的,或当需要协助时被拖带至第一个安全港口或地点,也不得根据被保险人、船舶所有人、管理人和/或承租人事先安排的合同从事拖带或救助服务。但本1.1款不排除与装卸有关的习惯拖带。

 

1.2 The insurance shall not be prejudiced by reason of the Assured entering into any contract with pilots or for customary towage which limits or exempts the liability of the pilots and/or tugs and /or towboats and/or their owners when the Assured or their agents accept or are compelled to accept such contracts in accordance which established local law or practice.

13 The practice of engaging helicopters for the transportation of personnel, supplies and equipment to and/ or from the Vessel shall not prejudice this insurance.

 

1.2 本保险不因被保险人签订限制或免除引航员和/或拖船和/或其所有人责任的引航或习惯性拖带的任何合同而受损害,如果被保险人或其代理人根据既定的当地法律或惯例接受或被迫接受此种合同。(1995年新增)

 

1.3 雇用直升飞机向保险船舶运送和/或从保险船舶运出人员、供应品或设备不损害本保险。

 

1.4 In the event of the Vessel being employed in trading operations which entail cargo loading or discharging at sea from or into another vessel (not being a harbour or inshore craft)no claim shall be recoverable under this insurance for loss of or damage to the Vessel or liability to any other vessel arising from such loading or discharging operations, including whilst approaching, lying alongside and leaving , unless previous notice that the Vessel is to be employed in such operations has been given to the Underwriters and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required by them have been agreed.

 

1.4 若保险船舶被雇用于在海上将货物装卸入他船(非港口或近岸驳船)或自他船装卸入本船的商业作业,由于此种装卸作业,包括两船驶近、并排停靠和驶离,造成保险船舶的灭失或损害或对他船的责任,不得根据本保险索赔,除非保险船舶被雇用于此种作业前已通知保险人,且已同意保险人要求的修改承保条件及任何附加的保险费。

 

第2条   Change of Voyage

 

2 Held covered in case of deviation or change of voyage or any breach of warranty as to towage or salvage services, provided notice be given to the Underwriters immediately after receipt of advices and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required by them be agreed.

    万一发生绕航或航程变更或任何违反拖带或救助服务的保证,如果知悉后立即通知了保险人,且同意保险人提出的修改承保条款并支付保险人要求的任何附加保险费,本保险得续保。

 

第3条   船级条款(Classification)

 

3  CLASSIFICATION

 3.1 It is the duty of the Assured, Owners and Managers at the inception of and throughout the period of this insurance to ensure that

 3.1.1 the Vessel is classed with a Classification Society agreed by the Underwriters and that her class within that Society is maintained,

 3.1.2 any recommendations requirements or restrictions imposed by the Vessel’s Classification Society which relate to the Vessel’s seaworthiness or to her maintenance in a seaworthy condition are complied with by the dates required by that Society .

 3.2 In the event of any breach of the duties set out in Clause 3.1 above, unless the Underwriters agree to the contrary in writing, they will be discharged from liability under the insurance as from the date of the breach provided that if the Vessel is at sea at such date the Underwriters’ discharge from liability is deferred until arrival at her next port.

 3.3 Any incident condition or damage in respect of which the Vessel’s Classification Society might make recommendations as to repairs or other action to be taken by the Assured, Owners or Managers must be promptly reported to the Classification Society.

 3.4 Should the Underwriters wish to approach the Classification Society directly for information and /or documents, the Assured will provide the necessary authorization.

 

3.1 被保险人、船舶所有人和管理人有义务在本保险责任开始和整个保险期间

 

3.1.1 保险船舶在保险人同意的船级社入级并维持该船级社的船级,

 

3.1.2 该船级社提出的有关船舶适航性或维持其适航条件的任何建议、要求或限制,应在该船级社要求的日期前执行。

 

3.2 倘若发生对上述第3.1款规定的义务的任何违反,除非保险人另行书面同意,保险人得自违反之日起解除根据本保险的责任,但若当时保险船舶在海上,保险人延至其抵达下一港口时解除责任。

 

3.3 对船级社可能建议被保险人修理或采取其他措施的任何事件、条件、损害,船舶所有人或管理人必须迅速报告给船级社。

 

3.4 如果保险人要求直接向船级社取得信息和/或文件,被保险人应提供必要的授权。

 

第4条   危险条款(Perils

 

4  PERILS

 4.1 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by

 4.1.1 perils of the seas rivers lakes or other navigable waters

 4.1.2 fire, explosion

 4.1.3 violent theft by persons from outside the Vessel

 4.1.4 jettison

 4.1.5 piracy

 4.1.6 contact with land conveyance, dock or harbour equipment or installation

 4.1.7 earthquake volcanic eruption or lightning

 4.1.8 accidents in loading discharging or shifting cargo or fuel.

 4.2 This insurance covers loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured caused by

 4.2.1 bursting of boilers breakage of shafts or any latent defect in the machinery or hull

 4.2.2 negligence of Master Officers Crew or Pilots

 4.2.3 negligence of repairers or charterers provided such repairers or charterers are not an Assured hereunder

 4.2.4 barratry of Master Officers or Crew

 4.2.5 contact with aircraft, helicopters or similar objects, or objects falling therefrom

 provided that such loss or damage has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners, Managers or Superintendents or any of their onshore management.

 4.3 Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 6 should they hold shares in the Vessel.

 

4  危险

4.1 本保险承保下列原因造成的保险标的的灭失或损害:

4.1.1 海上、江河、湖泊或其他可航水域的危险

4.1.2 火灾、爆炸

4.1.3 来自保险船舶外的人员的暴力盗窃

4.1.4 抛弃

4.1.5 海盗

4.1.6 与陆上运输工具、码头或港口设备、设施接触

4.1.7 地震、火山爆发或闪电

4.1.8 装卸或搬移货物或燃料过程中的意外事故

4.2 本保险承保下列原告造成的保险标的的灭失或损害

4.2.1 锅炉破裂、尾轴断裂、或者机器、船舶的潜在缺陷

4.2.2 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员的过失

4.2.3 修船人或承租人的过失,如果此种修船人或承租人不是本保险的被保险人

4.2.4 船长、高级船员或船员的欺诈恶行

4.2.5 与航空器、直升飞机或类似物体,或从其上坠落的物体触碰

如果此种灭失或损害并非由于被保险人、船东、管理人或船技主管或其岸上管理人员未谨慎处理所致

4.3 船长、高级船员、船员或引航员拥有保险船舶股份的,也不视作本条意义上的船东。

 

5 污染危险(Pollution Hazard)

 

This insurance covers loss of or damage to the Vessel caused by any governmental authority acting under the powers vested in it to prevent or mitigate a pollution hazard, or damage to the environment, or threat thereof, resulting directly from damage to the Vessel for which the Underwriters are liable under this insurance, provided that such act of governmental authority has not resulted from want of due diligence by the Assured, Owners ,or Managers to prevent or mitigate such hazard or damage, or threat thereof. Master Officers Crew or Pilots not to be considered Owners within the meaning of this Clause 5 should they hold shares in the Vessel.

 

5 本保险承保由于任何政府当局依其授权为防止或减轻因保险船舶应由保险人负责的损害直接引起的污染危或环境损害或其威胁采取行动造成的保险船舶的损失或损害,如果政府当局的此种行为不是由于保险船舶的被保险人、船东或管理人在防止或减轻此种危险或损害或其威胁采取行动方面未能谨慎处理所致。若船长、高级船员、船员或引航员持有保险船舶的股份,不视为第5条意义上的船东。

 

第5条    3/4碰撞责任条款(3/4 the Collision Liability )

 

6.1 The underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for three-fourths of any sum or sums paid by the Assured to any other persons by reason of the Assured becoming legally liable by way of damages for

  6.1.1 loss of or damage to any other vessel or property on any other vessel

  6.1.2 delay to or loss of use of any such other vessel or property thereon

6.1.3 general average of, salvage of, or salvage under contract of , any such other vessel or property thereon,

  where such payment by the Assured is in consequence of the Vessel hereby insured coming into collision with any other vessel.

6.2 The indemnity provided by this Clause 6 shall in addition to the indemnity provided by the other terms and conditions of this insurance and shall be subject to the following provisions:

  6.2.1 Where the insured Vessel is in collision with another vessel and both vessels are to blame then, unless the liability of one or both vessels becomes limited by law, the indemnity under this Class 6 shall be calculated on the principle of cross-liabilities as if the respective Owners had been compelled to pay to each other such proportion of each other’s damages as may have been properly allowed in ascertaining the balance or sum payable by or to the Assured in consequence of the collision.

  6.2.2 In no case shall the Underwriters’ total liability under Clauses 6.1 and 6.2 exceed their proportionate part of three-fourths of the insured value of the Vessel hereby insured in respect of any one collision.

6.3 The Underwriters will also pay three-fourths of the legal costs incurred by the Assured or which the Assured may be compelled to pay in contesting liability or taking proceeding s to limit liability, with the prior written consent of the Underwriters.

EXCLUSIONS

6.4 Provided always that this Clause 6 shall in no case extend to any sum which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of

  6.4.1 removal or disposal of obstructions, wrecks, cargoes or any other thing whatsoever

  6.4.2 any real or personal property or thing whatsoever except other vessels or property on other vessels

  6.4.3 the cargo or other property on, or the engagements of, the insured Vessel

  6.4.4 loss of life, personal injury or illness

  6.4.5 pollution or contamination, or threat thereof, of any real or personal property or thing whatsoever (except other vessels with which the insured Vessel is in collision or property on such other vessels) or damage to the environment, or threat thereof, save that this exclusion shall not extend to any sum which the Assured shall pay for or in respect of salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment as is referred to in Article 13 paragraph I (b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account.

 

6.1 保险人同意赔偿被保险人因对下列损害赔偿负有法律责任而支付给任何其他人的任何金额的3/4

 

6.1.1 任何其他船舶或该船上财产的灭失或损害

 

6.1.2 任何其他船舶或该船上财产的延迟或丧失用途

 

6.1.3 由于保险船舶与其他船舶碰撞,被保险人对任何其他船舶或该船上财产的共同海损、海上救助或根据合同的海难救助而支付的报酬

 

6.2 依本第6条规定的赔偿,是本保险其他条款和条件规定的赔偿之外的赔偿,且应受下述条款的制约:

 

6.2.1 在保险船舶与另一船碰撞且两船均应负责之情况下,那么除非一船或两船的责任受法律限制,根据本第6条的赔偿应按交叉责任原则计算,好像各船东被迫按各自损害赔偿的比例相互赔付,正如在确定由于碰撞应由被保险人支付或应支付给被保险人的余额或金额时本应已适当承认的那样。

 

6.2.2 在任何情况下,保险人根据第6.1款和第6.2款对任何一次碰撞的总责任,不得超过保险船舶保险价值的3/4

 

6.3 保险人亦将交付经其事先书面同意,被保险人在抗辩责任或提起责任限制诉讼而发生的或可能被迫支付的法律费用的3/4

 

除外责任:

 

6.4 但本第6条在任何情况下不扩展至被保险人应支付的或有关的下述任何金额:

 

6.4.1 障碍物、残骸、货物或任何其他物体的清除或处置

 

6.4.2 任何不动产或动产或任何物件,但其他船舶或该船上的财产除外

 

6.4.3 保险船舶上的货物或其他财产或保险船舶的债务

 

6.4.4 人身伤亡、伤害或疾病

 

6.4.5 任何不动产或动产或任何其他物件(与保险船舶碰撞的其他船舶或该船上财产除外)的污染或沾污或其威胁,或环境损害或其威胁,但是考虑到1989年《国际救助公约》第13条第1b项提及的救助人在防止或尽量减轻环境损害方面的技能和努力,本项除外不扩展至被保险人应支付的有关救助报酬。

 

7 姐妹船条款(Sistership)

 

7  SISTERSHIP

  Should the Vessel hereby insured come into collision with or receive salvage service from another vessel belonging wholly or in part to the same Owners or under the same management, the Assured shall have the same rights under this insurance as they would have were the other vessel entirely the property of Owners not interested in the Vessel hereby insured; but in such cases the liability for the collision or the amount payable for the services rendered shall be referred to a sole arbitrator to be agreed upon between the Underwriters and the Assured.

 

7如果保险船舶与全部或部分属于同一所有人所有,或在同一管理下的另一船舶碰撞,或接受该船的救助服务,被保险人应享有的权利,与另一船完全属于与保险船舶无关的第三者时被保险人按本保险所应享有的权利相同;但在此种情况下,有关碰撞责任及救助费用数额的确定,应提交给一个保险人和被保险人双方同意的独任仲裁员裁决。

 

8 共同海损和救助条款(General Average and Salvage)

 

8 GENERAL AVERAGE AND SALVAGE

  8.1 This insurance covers the Vessel’s proportion of salvage, salvage charges and/or general average, reduced in respect of any under-insurance, but in case of general average sacrifice of the Vessel the Assured may recover in respect of the whole loss without first enforcing their right of contribution from other parties.

  8.2 Adjustment to be according to the law and practice obtaining at the place where the adventure ends, as if the contract of affreightment contained no special terms upon the subject; but where the contract of affreightment so provides the adjustment shall be according to the York-Antwerp Rules.

  8.3 When the Vessel sails in ballast, no under charter, the provisions of the York-Antwerp Rules, 1994(excluding Rules XI(d),XX and XXI) shall be applicable, and the voyage for this purpose shall be deemed to continue from the port or place of departure until the arrival of the Vessel at the first port or place thereafter other than a port or place of refuge or a port or place of call for bunkering only. If at any such intermediate port or place there is an abandonment of the adventure originally contemplated the voyage shall thereupon be deemed to be terminated.

  8.4 No claim under this Clause 8 shall in any case be allowed where the loss was not incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of a peril insured against.

  8.5 No claim under this Clause 8 shall in any case be allowed for or in respect of

  8.5.1 special compensation payable to a salvor under Article 14 of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989 or under any other provision in any statute, rule , law or contract which is similar in substance

  8.5.2 expenses or liabilities incurred in respect of damage to the environment, or the threat of such damage, or as a consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the Vessel, or the threat of such escape or release.

  8.6 Clause 8.5 shall not however exclude any sum which the Assured shall pay to salvors for or in respect of salvage remuneration in which the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment as is referred to in Article 13 paragraph  1(b) of the International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have been taken into account.

 

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