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上传: 郭国汀 | 发布: 2011-4-3 02:29 | 作者: 郭国汀 | 来源: | 查看: 0

第五编 为各利益方的保险

第五编 为各利益方的保险
(Insurances For Various Interests)

第1章 导论

海上保险合同并不局限于仅仅承保发生于海上的损失。
1906年《海上保险法》第2条1款规定:
“A contract of marine insurance may, by its express terms, or by a usage of trade, be extended so as to protect the assured against losses on inland water or on any land risk which may be incidental to any sea voyage.”
“海上保险合同,得用明示条款或经由某种贸易习惯,扩展保障被保险人在与海上航程有关的内河或任何陆地风险中的损失。”

在第2条2款特别规定:
“Where a ship in course of building, or the launch of a ship, or any adventure analogous to a marine adventure, is covered by a policy in the form of a marine policy, the provisions of this Act, in so far as applicable, shall apply thereto;…”
“如果用海上保险单格式的保险单,承保建造中的船舶,或者船舶下水,或类似海上冒险的任何冒险,本法中的各项规定,只要是可适用者,均得适用之;……”

与此相似,假如某人能证明他拥有某种可保利益,对于何种人能领取海上保险单不存在任何限制。对此,1906年《海上保险法》第5条规定:
“(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure.
(2) In particular a person is interested in a marine adventure when he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.”
“(1) 受本法各条规定的制约,对海上冒险有利益的每个人均有可保利益。
(2)一个人对海上冒险拥有利益,尤其是当他与该冒险或处于风险中的任何保险财产具有法律上或衡平上的关系,若保险财产安全或及时到达,他即能从中获益,或如保险财产灭失,或损害,或被滞留,或引起有关责任,他便因此受到损害。”

稍微浏览一下该条规定的特点,便可看出其涉及的范围相当广泛包括:
-承保与船舶建造有关的各项风险,保障造船人或其他承包商;
-承保集装箱、为集装箱经营人和其他使用者;
-为银行和其他金融机构的利益提供保障保险。
在下述各章中,我们将检查专门设计用于承保这些特定风险的协会保险条款。