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《宗教沉思录》

上传: 郭国汀 | 发布: 2011-4-3 18:38 | 作者: 郭国汀 | 来源: 天易出版社 | 查看: 0

23、大哲大师大思想家大政治家论宗教上帝

23、大哲大师大思想家大政治家论宗教上帝


郭国汀编译


   
提要:中共极权暴政长期对全体国人强制洗脑,结果造成众多对宗教心灵灵魂信仰极度无知的唯物无神论者。甚至不少著名文化人和民运人士,也成为自大狂 妄的唯物无神论者。然而中外古今无数大哲大科学家大思想家大政治家信仰上帝和神的事实,充分证明唯物无神论才是真正的愚昧!
   1
圣经说:上帝即是爱。任何人活在爱中即是活在上帝怀抱中,上帝也活在爱的人中
   God is love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him." (1 John 4:16)  
   2
美国开国总统华盛顿在离职演讲中说道:所有导致政治兴盛的性质和习惯之因素,宗教和道德是不可或缺的其 中支柱。如果某人企图推翻这些,而认为人类仍能获得伟大和快乐的支柱,那么这人自称爱国是徒然的......。我们必须小心,不要耽迷于某种以为离了宗教 和道德还能维持的假设里面。
   Of all the dispositions and habits
which lead to political prosperity Religion and Morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of Patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness these firmest props of the duties of Men and Citizens......And let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion.

   3
美国革命之父亚当斯说过:最好的宪法,最好的法律,也不能保证给普遍败坏的人带 来自由和幸福。实乃至理名言,只需对照当今中共极权暴政下的社会现实,便可知宗教信仰的神奇力量。
    Neither the wisest constitution nor the wisest laws will secure the liberty and happiness of a people whose manners are universally corrupt." -- Essay in the Public Advertiser, 1749, Samuel Adams
   4
尼采是西方思想史上最伟大的原创作家、思想家、雄辩者和文学大家之一。他的思想即便在今天,也仍然在顶尖西方思 想家中发扬光大。他说没有真理,唯有解释尼采研究专家认 为,他的言论充满华丽的辞藻,很有煽动力,但他的论辩却往往缺乏逻辑的力量。意志的力量他强调人应当按照其自然内心的指引,而不应受教会清规的约束, 充分发挥已之热情况想象去生活创 造。此种按照自然和人的内心心灵指引行事的说法吾以为是对的。尼采最著名的名言乃是:上帝死了!在《幸福科 学》文中,尼采通过一位疯子之口说:上帝死了。上帝 依然死了。我们杀死了上帝!然而,病魔缠身的尼采却最终真疯了,而且死于梅毒!
   Nietzsche is definitely one of the most creative writers in the Western tradition.one of the most important and original thinkers in the history of Western thought. he said that there is no truth, only interpretation", Nietzsche found in what he called "the will to power." One must try to affirm one's actual nature through willpower, not try to create some church-made identity which limits one's personal development. As an autonomous being one is not to limit oneself with such destructive emotions, but rather acknowledge one's natural motives and feelings.  in The Happy Science, Nietzsche lets the "madman" say: "God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him!"  
   5
古希腊斯多格派(禁欲主义)创始人芝诺说:上帝与世界分离;他是世界的灵魂,我们每个人都含有部分神圣的火.所有的事物 都是一个叫做自然的唯一体系中的组成部分;当个体的生命与自然和谐相处时就是好的。在某种意义上, 所有的生命均与自然和谐共处,因为是此种自然规律使之如此;但在另一种意义上,人的生命仅当该个体的意志是朝向那些自然之中的诸目标时才能与自然和谐相 处。美德存在于与自然协调的意志之中
   God is not separate from the world; He is the soul of the world, and each of us contains a part of the Divine Fire. All things are parts of one single system, which is called Nature; the individual life is good when it is in harmony with Nature. In one sense, every life is in harmony with Nature, since it is such as Nature’s laws have caused it to be; but in another sense a human life is only in harmony with Nature when the individual will is directed to ends which are among those of Nature. Virtue consists in a will which is in agreement with Nature. (Zeno, founder of Stoicism, 333-262 BC)
   6
德国哲学家莱布尼兹写道:事物的最终理性必定置身于一个必不可少的物质之中,其 中变化的区别仅存在于其源头;该源头我们称之为上帝……上帝自身乃是该最初的统一 体,或最原始的简单的物质,从中生产出所有的最原初的不可再分解的物质,被造物和源生物”.
   the ultimate reason of things must lie in a necessary substance, in which the differentiation of the changes only exists eminently as in their source; and this is what we call God. .. God alone is the primary Unity, or original simple substance, from which all monads, created and derived, are produced. (Gottfried Leibniz, 1670)
monads Philosophy An indivisible, impenetrable unit of substance viewed as the basic constituent element of physical reality in the metaphysics of Leibnitz.
   7
哲学大家斯滨诺莎指出:除了上帝之外没有任何本质能够被承认或想象。依我看任何事物都在上帝之中,所有被造的事物都是 按照具有上帝的无限性质的规律制造的,必然遵循其本质之需。斯滨诺莎指出:没有上帝的存在(人们)无法想象任何事物
   Except God no substance can be granted or conceived. .. Everything, I say, is in God, and all things which are made, are made by the laws of the infinite nature of God, and necessarily follows from the necessity of his essence. (Benedict de Spinoza, Ethics, 1673)Benedict de Spinoza (1623-1677) – Dutch philosopher, rationalist, and major influence on German idealism – Of Portuguese-Jewish lineage, he’s considered one of the great religious philosophers with works such as Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata. “Without God nothing can be conceived.” - Benedict de Spinoza (Elwes, R. H. M. The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza, Vol. II, Dover Publications, 1951, 60.)  
   8
印度圣雄甘地认为:真理本身是永恒的,其它任何事物都是暂时的。说真理就 是上帝远比说上帝即真理更为正确,所有的生命皆来源于一个统一的源泉,叫做安拉,上帝或 Parmeshwara”.
   Truth alone is eternal, everything else is momentary. It is more correct to say that Truth is God, than to say that God is Truth. ... All life comes from the one universal source, call it Allah, God or Parmeshwara. (Mahatma Mohandas K. Gandhi 1869-1948)
   9
德国大哲学家康德说:归纳所有可能的有关上帝的知识对人类而言是不可能的,甚至通过某种真实的(神的)启示也不可能。但是这是一种最有价值的探索,以便发现我们的理性在探索上帝的知 识方面到底能走多远
   Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) – German philosopher, scientist, and one of the greatest modern thinkers – Known for powerful works such as Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason. The sum total of all possible knowledge of God is not possible for a human being, not even through a true revelation. But it is one of the worthiest inquiries to see how far our reason can go in the knowledge of God.” - Immanuel Kant (Kant, I. Lectures on Philosophical Theology, Cornell University Press, 1978, 23.)  
   10
法国思想家芦棱说:某种智慧的存在,乃是所有事物活跃的原则。人们想必业已绞尽脑汁从所有的常识质疑之,试图证明此种不证自明的真理纯属浪费时间
   Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) – French philosopher, political theorist, and primary writer during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe – Known for powerful works such as The Social Contract and Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts. An intelligent being, is the active principle of all things. One must have renounced all common sense to doubt it, and it is a waste of time to try to prove such self evident truth.” - Jean Jacques Rousseau Burgelin, P. La Philosophie de l’ Existance de Jean Jacques Rousseau, Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin., 1973, 407.)
   11
英国大法官思想家培根说:确实,有些哲学家将人的心灵引导致无神论;但是深层的哲学将人类的心灵带领至宗教:因为当人的 心灵寻找分散的第二原因时,它有时会停留在该原因上而不再前 进;便当它看到 他们的一系列事 物,连合串联在一起时,它必需飞到上帝和神的怀抱
   Francis Bacon (1561-1626) – English statesman and leader in empirical philosophy – Author of The Advancement of Learning and Novum Organum, foundational works for the modern scientific method. It is true, that a little philosophy inclineth man’s mind to atheism; but depth in philosophy brings about man’s mind to religion: For while the mind of man looketh upon second causes scattered, it may sometimes rest in them, and go no further; but when it beholdeth the chain of them confederate and linked together, it must needs fly to Providence and Deity.” - Sir Francis Bacon (Bacon, F. The Essays of Lord Bacon, Longman & Green, 1875, 64.)  

12
巴斯德指出:所有的事物皆源于虚无并诞生无穷无尽的事物。谁能够有此种神奇的生涯?神奇的大自然的作者,唯 有上帝,能够理解他们   Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) – French mathematician, philosopher, and founder of modern probability theory – Major influence on existentialism and the Age of Enlightenment. All things have sprung from nothing and are borne forward to infinity. Who can follow out such an astonishing career? The Author of these wonders, and He alone, can comprehend them.” - Blaise Pascal (Pascal, B. Thoughts on Religion and Philosophy, Otto Schultz & Company, 5.)
   13
法国哲学家笛卡儿说:我得出结论,在 我一生中所有的时刻上帝存在的证据,我的存在完全依赖上帝,我不认为人类的精神可以知道任何更大的证据和确信(上帝的存在)
   René Descartes (1596-1650) – French mathematician, scientist, and founder of modern philosophy -- Known for his declaration: “I think; therefore, I am.” “I have concluded the evident existence of God, and that my existence depends entirely on God in all the moments of my life, that I do not think that the human spirit may know anything with greater evidence and certitude.” - René Descartes (Descartes, R. “Les Meditations” in The Meditations and Selections from the Principles of René Descartes, Open Court Publishing, 1950, par. 155.)  
   14
英国思想家约翰密尔认为:在有待考查的全宇宙万事万物中,可以说,唯有心灵;除了心灵之外没有任何东西可以创造心灵这是 无需论证的公理。” –
   John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) – English economist, political theorist, and philosopher – A major contributor to the field of inductive logic, with works such as A System of Logic, Principles of Political Economy, and On Liberty. “Among the facts of the universe to be accounted for, it may be said, is Mind; and it is self evident that nothing can have produced Mind but Mind.” - John Stuart Mill (Mill, J. Essays on Ethics, Religion, and Society, University of Toronto Press, 1969, 439.)  
   15
美国大科学家爱因斯坦论神奇的上帝:我看见一种模式图案,但我的想象力无法描述该模式图案。我看见了一座钟,但我无法设想该制钟人 是什么样的。人类的心灵甚至无法想象四维空间,因此人类绝无任何可能想象一个在其面前将千年时间和千维空间合而为一的上帝 这里才揭示出爱 因斯坦虽然是犹太教徒,但他内心深处 偏向于不可知论的真正原因.宇宙时空能够 将数千年时间与数千维空间汇集成一个极为复杂的活的有机体,怎能不令人眼花缭乱,因此爱因曾说人类永远,永远绝对不可能真正了解知道上帝.
   I see a pattern, but my imagination cannot picture the maker of thatpattern. I see a clock, but I cannot envision the clockmaker. The humanmind is unable to conceive of the four dimensions, so how can itconceive of a God, before whom a thousand years and a thousanddimensions are as one? (The Expanded Quotable Einstein, PrincetonUniversity Press, 2000 p. 208)

   16
德国哲学大师黑格尔认为:宗教的适当的任务是通过将上帝的思想作为道德立法者的手段,强化迫使我们依道德行事,促使源于我们的实践理性要求的满足,特别是有关理性假定的最终目的----最高的善
    Religion's proper task is to strengthen, by means of the idea of God as moral lawgiver, what impels us to act ethically and to enhance the satisfaction we derive from performing what our practical reason demands, specifically with regard to the ultimate end that reason posits: the highest good.

   
黑格尔还说,相信基督的历史人物,是一个经验证据问题,而非实践理性的任何要求。他嘲讽说,将这些问题视作信仰,远比培育我们自己的思考习惯容 易得多。他将对耶稣的信仰描述为对一个人格化典范的信仰。这是黑格尔不得不背离的典型的启蒙思想。
   Hegel also adds that belief in "the historical person of Christ" is a matter of empirical testimony rather than "any requirement of practical reason." He says sarcastically that taking such matters on faith "is far easier than cultivating the habit of thinking for ourselves." He describes belief in Jesus as "faith in a personified ideal." This is typical of Enlightenment thought, against which Hegel had yet to rebel.

   
黑格尔认为:我们必须承认,无限不能从有限中推导而来,任何存在上帝的证据,不过是某种将有限提升到无限的行为描述。
   We must concede that the Infinite cannot be deduced from the finite and that any "proof of the existence of God is nothing but the description of that act of rising up to the infinite."  

   
黑格尔写道,我们宗教的所有目的和本质,乃是人类道德,所有基督教更详细的理论...根据其与该目的或近或远的连接均有其自己的价值和尊严。 他称赞耶稣传播的宗教道德,将实现人类的自由。他说,从上帝的知识引伸出的理性,是哲学最高的问题。”Hegel writes, "that the aim and essence of all true religion, our religion included, is human morality, and that all the more detailed doctrines of Christianity…have their worth and their sanctity appraised according to their close or distant connection with that aim." He praises Jesus for advocating a religion of morality that would fulfill human freedom. He says that, "a reason-derived knowledge of God is the highest problem of philosophy.

   
黑格尔相信:表面看来基督教的主要设计和成就是为了提升人类的道德并使之更喜悦上帝。对该基本定义他补述道:问题已经迅速成为最令人震惊的镇压机 和欺骗人类的方式:口头坦白,逐出教会,忏悔,及对人类自我贬低的可耻的遗迹的整个布署。在宗教中发现的有价值的理由是责任和道德乃是自给自足的伟大 原则,但当引用任何超过与上帝的观念最微薄的关联时,它便变得含糊不清。
    Hegel writes, "Supposedly the chief design and accomplishment of the Christian religion is to better man morally and make him more pleasing to God." But added to this basic definition he adds the problem of which has "burgeoned into the most shocking profusion of repressive institutions and ways of deluding mankind: oral confession, excommunication, penance, and a whole array of disgraceful monuments to human self-abasement." What reason finds valuable in religion is "the great principle that duty and virtue are self-sufficient"; but this becomes clouded when anything more "than the merest association with the idea of God" is invoked.
   
我曾断言:“一知半解者不信 ,学者会达到信神 的境界,唯有那些真正的 大科学家(特别是数学家,物理学家,化学家),大哲学家,大思想家,大学者,才有可能知道什么是神”.
   
中共极权暴政长期对全体国人强制洗脑,结果造成众多对宗教心灵信仰极度无知的唯物无神论者。甚至不少著名文 化人和民运人士,也成为自大狂妄的唯物无神论者。然而中外古今无数大哲大科学家大思想家大政治家信仰上帝和神的事实,充分证明唯物无神论才是真正的愚昧!

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